A. Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct modal in brackets.
1. He (should/can't/may) study law. He hasn't decided yet.
2. She looked for her glasses everywhere but she ( needn't/shouldn't/couldn't) find them.
3. (Would/May/Might) you please fill in this form?
4. We have plenty of time. We (might/mustn't/don't have to) rush.
5. Sally (won't / can't / musn't) be asleep - all the lights in her house are on.
6. I'm not sure why Jane's not at work today. She (would /will / might) be ill.
7. If no one knows how to use a computer, a course (should / ought / might) to be organised then.
8. They (could / were able / ought) to find the restaurant although they had been given the wrong address.
9. She (should /must / had to ) take the bus to school yesterday.
10. I (don't need / needn't / had to) take an umbrella; it won't rain.
B. Complete the following paragraph with the modal perfect form of the verb in brackets. You may need to use the negative.
I wonder what I've done with my maths book; I can't find it anywhere. I ---can't have put---------------(put) it in my bag, because it wasn't there when I got home. I was reading it at the bus stop, so I think that I --must have left---------- (leave) it on the bus; it's the only explanation I can think of. How ---could I have been---------- (be) so careless? I suppose that some kind person ---might have found--------(find) it and handed it to the lost property office. I --would have gone---------(go) there after dinner to look for it, but I had to babysit for my younger brother. I feel bad about my brother, too. I --shouldn't have spoken------------(speak) so angrily to him, but he was being so annoying. He ---needn't have argued------- (argue) about going to bed; that wasn't necessary. My parents ---would have given in--------- (give in) to him if they'd been home. I ---could have told---------(tell) them what happened, but I decided not to. I -should have phoned / ought to have phoned---------(phone) Aunt Sheila to say "Happy Birthday" but I forgot. I'll do it tomorrow.
C. Rewrite the following sentences using the modal or the modal perfect form of the verb in brackets. You may need to form the negative.
1. He didn't have to come so early; nobody is here yet. (need)
-----He nedn't have come so early------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Is it possible that he spoke to her this morning? (could)
-------Could he have spoken to her this morning ?-----------------------------------------------------------------
3. Perhaps they're working outside in the garden. (may)
-----They may be working outside in the garden.-----------------------------------------------------------------------
4. She intended to go to the cinema if she had had the time. (would)
---She would have gone to the cinema if she had had the time--------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. I'm sure she isn't ill; she was fine when I saw her last night. (can)
-------She can't be ill; she was fine when I saw her last night-------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. You were wrong to shout at your brother. (should)
----------You shouldn't have shouted at your brother-------------------------------------------------------------------
7. It's been impossible for me to find the time to write. (be able)
------I haven't been able to find the time to write------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. The pupils in this school are required to wear a uniform. (have)
----------The pupils in this school have to wear a uniform-------------------------------------------------------------------
9. It's possible that the plane has already left. (might)
-------The plane might have already left---------------------------------------------------------------------
10. I'm sure the cake has been eaten. (must)
--------The cake must have been eaten-----------------------------------------------------------------
Adapted from : Mastering Use of English by Georgia Graham
